Best management practices for mangrove-friendly shrimp farming
 

Baliao DD, Tookwinas S. 2002. 50 p.

Translations of the original English version into

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SEAFDEC/AQD: 25 Years
Aquaculture for a sustainable future

AQD celebrated its 25^th anniversary in 1998, putting on record its R&D milestones and historic firsts for science.

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20 Years of Aquaculture: Research and Development 

This is an anniversary souvenir volume noting AQD's first 20 years of intensive R&D. AQD has become known as a leading aquaculture institution in Southeast Asia, conducting research studies and campaigning for the generation of technologies that have the least ecological effects, give equitable benefits to society, and are sustainable. Multi-disciplinary approach to research and development, involving not only natural scientists but also social scientists and fisherfolk communities, had become the main thrust for the next decade.

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Aquaculture Research & Development:
The Next Decade

This is a report on the symposium held July 3, 1983  to commemorate AQD's 10^th year anniversary.  Different sectoral views, opinions and recommendations  were noted and incorporated into a medium-term development program. The symposium was a successful attempt to involve aquaculturists in planning and implementing AQD's research programs. It assessed AQD's accomplishments during its first decade, and clarified AQD's basic purpose which was to develop technologies that the aquaculture industry can benefit from.

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2003 Highlights

Forty research projects were implemented in broodstock management and seed quality improvement, responsible aquaculture technologies, and strategies for stock enhancement. Farming technologies for tiger shrimp, seaweed, abalone, and freshwater fishes were demonstrated at AQD stations, government centers, and private farms, including the facilities in Jalajala, Rizal. AQD further served fish farmers and the general public through our hatcheries, service laboratories, library, web sites, manuals and textbooks, fairs and exhibits, and through FishWorld. The Fish Disease Program included several research studies,a training course, and publication of a laboratory manual and a flyer on the whitespot disease. The Mangrove-Friendly Shrimp Farming Program included verification and pilot demonstration in six Member Countries, some research studies, a training course, a seminar-workshop, a web site, and production of an
extension manual and a video. The Integrated Regional Aquaculture Program started this year with site visits and surveys in nine Member-Countries, and has already conducted several training courses. AQD celebrated its 30th anniversary in July with AquaBiz, a roadshow seminar of the commercially viable technologies AQD has generated from scientific research.

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2002 Highlights

Significant advances were made in the development and standardization
of diagnostic procedures for important viral diseases in shrimps and marine fish. Innovations in the conduct of our training programs were introduced. For the first time, AQD has delivered two distance learning courses serving more participants at much lesser cost. An aquafarmers forum, where inquiries or discussion on certain problems may be held on-line, was also launched. AQD further intensified the promotion and commercialization of aquaculture technologies with a broader range of collaborators, including government agencies and the private sector.

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2001 Highlights

Many projects were implemented in 2001: final approval of the Y895 million (P431 million) Laboratory for Advanced Aquaculture Technologies, the first-ever training in crab seed production, and the successful implementation of various verification projects within the Philippines in collaboration with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. Region-wide, it was a spotlight year for AQD, whose reach was extended through the Mangrove-friendly shrimp aquaculture verification and training activities in the shores of Vietnam and Myanmar in cooperation with Thailand's Department of Fisheries.

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2000 Highlights

In 2000, refinements of already developed technologies and industry practices were aimed at increasing aquaculture production and decreasing production cost through more innovative approaches like the application of biotechnology, particularly on growth acceleration. Technologies were also verified in actual field conditions as to technical, environmental, and socioeconomic considerations. Those found viable were demonstrated
in various sites in collaboration with the Philippine government agencies,
local government units, and fishfarmers. On the regional level, and initially in collaboration with the Department of Fisheries of Thailand, AQD conducted verification and demonstration activities in Thailand and Vietnam.

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1999 Highlights

 AQD continued to pursue its considerable research efforts into
mudcrab, tiger shrimp, milkfish, grouper and snapper, tilapia and bighead
carp, marine ornamental fishes, seaweeds, and abalone. The seed production and grow-out culture technologies developed from research were verified as to their commercial viability with the help of private fishfarms and local government units in the Philippines. Packets of technology had likewise been extended by AQD through its training courses and information programs.

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1998 Highlights

AQD implemented 27 research projects on 13 commercially important commodities in 1998. The significant research highlights for the year include advances in crab culture (we can now produce crablets, previously a production bottleneck), grouper hatchery (fry production), milkfish broodstock management (in the area of feeds), abalone (larval rearing techniques), native catfish (hatchery and nursery), and tilapia (on-farm broodstock management). With the collaboration of the European Union, AQD established an updated scientific base for the sustainable and rational utilization of Laguna de Bay and was well-received by policymakers and local government executives.

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1997 Highlights

For technology verification and demonstration, AQD packaged and field-tested various technologies. Some of the notable undertakings for the year were: the community fishery resource management (CFRM) project in Malalison Island and Honda Bay; the technical assistance to local government units on low-input aquaculture products like tilapia and mussel-oyster; the development of mudcrab culture techniques in reforested mangrove areas,and the rehabilitation of mangroves/abandoned ponds through aquasilviculture; and continued research on high-value species like tiger shrimp and 22 other species of economic importance in southeast Asia.

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1996 Highlights

AQD took a strong hand in technology verification and technology transfer even as it continued research on economically important food fishes in the region. Most of the research results got published in refereed journals, strengthening the Department's stature in the international scientific community.

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Advances in aquaculture research and development
Biennial Report 1998 and 1999 

This is AQD's report covering two years of progressive work. AQD continued to address four critical areas of concern such as poverty alleviation, food security, environment-friendly technology, and export/cash crops. Major achievements for the period included the cloning of the growth hormone in rabbitfish and milkfish; bringing back the native Asian catfish to Philippine waters; developing a mass production technology for  crablets; taking a closer look at probiotics and bioaugmentation products used in shrimp culture; developing a blueprint for sustainable aquaculture activities in mangrove areas; refining broodstock and hatchery techniques for abalone culture; developing a practical milkfish broodstock handling and transport technique; completion of the life cycles of the red snapper and ornamental seahorse in captivity; discovering toxin-producing algal populations in Laguna de bay; refining social technologies in coastal resources management; studying cheaper substitutes for larval feed; formulating appropriate fish diets, developing a farmer-oriented screening procedure for tilapia broodstock; opening more doors for verifying and demonstrating aquaculture technologies; fine-tuning the training courses to serve industry needs; and initiating a college textbook production program.

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SEAFDEC/AQD Report 1996-1997

This biennial report highlights the research and development activities of AQD. During this time, AQD's new management embarked on
reinvigorating its task in reaching out to more users and beneficiaries of
the Department's generated aquaculture technologies in the Southeast
Asian region. The Department's thrust focused on aquaculture technology
verification and technology transfer, an important component of the
research-extension continuum. With this new emphasis, AQD actively
pursued its research, training and information activities on identified
targets and priorities.

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SEAFDEC/AQD Report 1994-1995

SEAFDEC/AQD conducted research on the priority species identified during the third Workshop on Aquaculture Development in Southeast Asia (ADSEA III). Milkfish and shrimp top the list for the most number of studies. Broodstock development and studies on hatchery and nursery rearing of grouper and snapper were continued while a project on breeding marine ornamental fish was initiated. Genetic characterization and selective breeding of local tilapia strains as well as refinement of breeding and hatchery techniques for native catfish were continued. Research on the seaweed Gracilaria, and refinement in the larval rearing of abalone and window-pane oyster were also conducted. Environmental and socioeconomic studies to address issues on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture were undertaken.

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SEAFDEC/AQD Report 1992-1993

AQD conducted research on the priority species identified during the Second Seminar-Workshop on Aquaculture Development in Southeast Asia (ADSEA II) in August 1991. A special project on coastal resources management was conducted at Malalison Island in the province of Antique. Research priorities in 1992-94 included breeding, nursery, and farming of economically important fishes, molluscs, and crustaceans in Southeast Asia: grouper, milkfish, snapper, seabass, rabbitfish, mullet, tilapia, catfish, bighead carp, ornamental fishes, mudcrab, tiger shrimp,
white shrimps, oysters, mussels, abalone, scallops, and seaweeds.
In support of the culture of these species are studies on feed development and health management. AQD celebrated its 20th anniversary in July 1993.

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Annual Report 1991

1991 marked the last year of AQD's three-year program based on ADSEA I (Seminar-Workshop on Aquaculture Development in Southeast Asia. ADSEA I then planned the 1989-1991 research and training activities of the Department. Research on economically important food fishes in the region continued. Researchers were also formed into commodity teams to make research in each species coherent and unidirectional. Research was made more efficient with the operation of service laboratories, which also assist fishfarmers.

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Annual Report 1990

Research studies focused on species of importance in Southeast Asia: the finfishes seabass (Lates calcarifer), grouper (Epinephelus spp.), snapper (Lutjanus sp.), mullet (Mugil cephalus), rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus), milkfish (Chanos chanos), tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), catfish
(Clarias macrocephalus), and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis); the crustaceans tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and white shrimps (P. indicus, P. merguiensis); the molluscs (Placuna placenta and P. sella); and the seaweeds (Gracilaria spp.). Highlighting 1990 are six significant events: (1) the establishment of a pilot Seafarming and Searanching Project in Antique, Panay Island, central Philippines: (2) the spontaneous spawning of captive grouper (Epinephelus suillus); (3) natural
spawning of milkfish in concrete tanks, the first in SEAFDEC/AQD milkfish research; (4) increased number of scientific papers (published, in press, submitted); (5) a SEAFDEC/AQD paper winning first prize in the socioeconomic category at a National Research Symposium; and
(6) intensified dissemination of hatchery technologies

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Annual Report 1989

Significant advances have been made in maturation, induced spawning,
and larval rearing of seabass and siganids, and in the induced spawning and seed production of carps. AQD also launched the seafarming and coastal enhancement project to improve the quality of life in impoverished
coastal communities.

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Annual Report 1988

Specific for 1988 is the redirection of AQD's research thrust to reflect the regional research priorities identified during the Seminar on Aquaculture
Development in Southeast Asia held in the Philippines in September 1987. Likewise, training programs were prioritized based on training requirements in aquaculture in Southeast Asia. Extension activities were revived and intensified in order to help the small fish farmers raise their standard of living and contribute to the farmer's profitability campaign of the government. The economic viability of hatchery techniques developed for rabbitfish and refined for seabass were undertaken.

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Annual Report 1987

AQD's studies focused on four research areas, i.e., breeding; farming systems; feed development; and fish health of finfishes, crustaceans,
and molluscs. Among the targets were: 1) the production of an adequate supply of quality seeds from natural sources and by artificial breeding;
2) improvement of culture techniques which includes water quality management practices; 3) formulation of low-cost feeds and propagation of natural food organisms; 4) control of pests, predators, and fish diseases; 5) improvement in the design of culture facilities; 6) control of aquatic pollution in relation to aquaculture; and 7) improvement of stocks through genetic selection.

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Annual Report 1986

The major scientific achievement for the year was in the breeding of milkfish. The Igang Substation developed an effective method of collecting
milkfish eggs with high recovery. Feed development researches were geared toward the development of nutritionally effective and economical fish and prawn diets for the industry. Fish health studies concentrated
on improving fish production through identification of disease agents and their control methods.

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Annual Report 1985

Research activities continued along the three major programs: Finfish, Crustaceans, and Molluscs and Seaweed. Applied research studies on broodstock development and seed production were intensified. Culture techniques were continually refined, placing more emphasis on the economic component. Significant accomplishments include the spawning of rematured milkfish in cages in Igang, seed production of seabass and siganids at the Leganes and Tigbauan Research Stations (LRS, TRS), and the induced spawning of Chinese carps at the Binangonan Research Station (BRS).

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Annual Report 1984

AQD's research program prioritized broodstock development, seed production and culture. New species were added to the AQD list, such as seabass, white shrimp and siganids, all of which showed good promise as food, cash and export crops. Studies on traditional species like milkfish, tiger prawn, tilapia, oyster and mussels continued. Technology transfer efforts was anchored by seminars and industry-related workshops. A new office, Technology Assessment Unit, was created to assess the impact of aquaculture technologies on the economy, the aquaculture sector, and the various segments that make up the private sector.

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Annual Report 1983

AQD continued its multidisciplinary team approach in solving production and related problems for the benefit of the aquaculture industry. The gaps in the production technology were identified through periodic assessment by each program in consultation with representatives from government and private sector and scientific institutions. Research programs also continued on economically important aquatic species while training and extension efforts were intensified. Verification programs were also implemented to refine research results.

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Annual Report 1982

The Research and Development Program Committee for AQD added representatives from the government, academic and private sectors. This committee set the direction for AQD. Research studies on three major aquatic groups – fishes, crustaceans and mollusks - focused on problem areas in production. Increase in postlarval and juvenile tiger prawn survival in hatcheries and nurseries was attained with improved techniques. The ecological studies of Laguna Lake were undertaken to gather scientific information that would help agencies formulate measures and policies for effective lake management.

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Annual Report 1981

Four significant events took place: (1) installation of the third AQD Chief, Dr. Flor J. Lacanilao; (2) the restructuring of the organization into three divisions such as Research, Administration, and Training and Extension; (3) the designation of AQD as the Regional Lead Center in the Philippines of the Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia (NACA); and (4) in milkfish research, the re-occurrence of milkfish maturation and spawning in floating cages. AQD continued to conduct appropriate training and extension programs for both local and foreign trainees to help meet the demand for trained manpower in aquaculture.
 

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Annual Report 1980

AQD reorganized its research activities, giving focus to its three main stations. Mariculture was to be conducted at the Tigbauan Research Station, brackishwater culture at the Leganes Research Station), and freshwater culture at Binangonan Research Station. Highlighting the year's accomplishments was the sexual maturation and spontaneous spawning in captivity of milkfish broodstock. There were also significant results to the studies related to fish and crustacean hatchery, nutrition and feed development, ecology, pathology, and aquaculture engineering in Tigbauan; and milkfish nursery, tilapia culture, marine and freshwater farming, and limnology in Binangonan.

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Annual Report 1979

On AQD's sixth year, stewardship passed from Dean DK Villaluz to AQD's second Chief, Dean Rogelio O. Juliano of the University of the Philippines College of Fisheries. AQD overhauled its research program based on the world's and Asia's 20-year scenario of the fisheries and aquaculture industries. The research program consolidates the existing commodity-oriented programs – milkfish, prawn, seafarming, freshwater aquaculture and aquaculture engineering – into three aquaculture system-oriented R&D research areas, such as brackishwater, freshwater and mariculture that gave primary consideration to the environment and the production systems. The training program expanded its coverage of courses, and saw an increase in number of countries that send trainees. Also, technology dissemination-verification efforts were intensified by setting up a communications/publications unit that published the newsletter Asian Aquaculture, the industry digest Fish Farm News, and extension manuals. The field testing of laboratory results in fish farms were made under different agro-climatic, cropping, and socio-economic patterns.
 

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Annual Report 1978

AQD saw continued expansion and growth of its institutional endeavors, consequently enhancing its image as a center of excellence for aquaculture R&D. The major development in 1978 was the evolution of the Asian Institute of Aquaculture, institutionalizing a mechanism for the training, education, information and extension. The year stressed the critical task of building up the manpower and technical needs of aquaculture through intensive technology transfer and techno-verification on a regional basis. Refinement and standardization of techniques in priority species continued, and research studies were conducted for crabs, tilapia, and carps. Research priorities focused more on the critical areas of nutrition and reproductive physiology.

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Annual Report 1977

Milkfish research progressed with artificial fertilization and hatching of eggs. Though mudcrab Scylla serrata research had just been initiated, the first production of crab was achieved in the hatchery. Training and extension services were intensified to demonstrate the viability of aquaculture as a self-sufficient activity and to bring development into remote, economically-depressed regions in the country. AQD continued with its Graduate Training Program, and looked forward to bolster its research capability in nutrition and fish reproductive physiology with the completion of the Nutrition and Feeds Laboratory Building. Moreover, AQD established new linkages with national and international agencies/organizations to enlist assistance and support of its R&D programs.

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Annual Report 1976

The AQD Chief reported that about 75 per cent of the infrastructure had been set up, diversifying research activities. The four major programs focused on milkfish, tiger prawn, seafarming, and freshwater fisheries. Increase in the survival rate of tiger prawn fry in the hatchery marked the successful mass production of tiger prawn, the domestication of all life stages, and the development of intensive rearing techniques. Milkfish research focused on milkfish hatchery, the seafarming program on broodstock development and culture of marine and estuarine fishes and shellfishes. AQD started a staff development program, granting scholarships for masteral and doctoral degrees.

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Annual Report 1975

AQD made its first landmark accomplishment ~ the completion of the life cycle of Penaeus monodon in captivity ~ after two-and-a-half years of research. This was the first record anywhere in the world, and now made possible the production of hatchery-reared tiger prawn fry. While the technology for mass seed production of tiger prawn was worked out, AQD started pioneering milkfish research to help solve the problem of seasonal fry scarcity and to promote the use of organic pesticides. AQD established its Freshwater Aquaculture Station in Binangonan, Rizal which focused on mass production and artificial breeding of commercially important freshwater specie