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| Hatchery of penaeid shrimps |
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Technology Description Brief description: Hatcheries are indispensable to grow-out operators especially when seedstock supply from the wild is not assured. For tiger shrimp, the technology can be relatively low-cost “backyard type” very popular among aquaculturists in the 1980s, or medium to large scale With fewer shrimp hatcheries continuing operations up to the present, the market potential is big. (Marketing is one of the problems of shrimp hatcheries. Since fewer ponds are stocked with shrimp due to disease threats/occurrence, demand for shrimp fry has also decreased). To put-up a hatchery, an entrepreneur needs to decide on target production. For every million of postlarvae (day 15-20), a total tank volume of 80-100 tons is required. |
This is based on these assumptions: (1) survival rate is 30-40% until harvest, (2) stocking density of 50,000 to 80,000 nauplii per ton, and (3) larval tanks are also used as nursery tanks. Spawners or broodstock are procured, ablated (for broodstock), and then left to spawn in tanks.
Feeding regime (formulated feeds can be given in combination with natural food), and water management are based on the developmental stages of shrimp, from egg hatching to nauplius stage, to protozoea, to mysis, then finally to the postlarval stage. PLs can be sold at day 15 to 20.
(1) Procure healthy spawners that have late developing to ripe ovaries, and stock 1 spawner per 3 li of seawater. You will need 4-5 wild spawners or 7-8 pond-sourced broodstock for every million nauplii needed.
(2) Cover spawning tanks, aerate, monitor for spawning, and remove the spawners after spawning. Clean the tank of scum from tank sides and water surface. Alternatively, eggs may be siphoned out, rinsed several times with clean seawater, then re-stocked in clean tanks. Eggs hatch in 12-17 hours.
(3) Collect nauplii by exposing a portion of the tank to light; nauplii will congregate there. Acclimate, then stock in 10-to-50- ton tanks with clean seawater. Natural food (Chaetoceros, Tetraselmis, or Skeletonema) should be in, or ready when nauplii metamorphose to its first feeding stage (protozoea) in 1.5-2 days. Chaetoceros could reach one million cells per ml after 1-2 days, Skeletonema 300,000 cells per ml in 2 days, and Tetraselmis 100,000 cells per ml in 3-5 days. Protozoea stage lasts 3-5 days, and then metamorphose to the mysis stage, and to the postlaval stage after another 3-5 days.
(4) Continue feeding natural food, maintaining 20,000 to 50,000 phytoplankton cells per ml in tanks. Add Artemia to larval diet only in the mysis or postlarval stage (0.25 to 0.5 ind per ml), and/or feed a microparticulate diet based on a SEAFDEC/AQD formulation. Mysis stage lasts 6-7 days, and they become postlarvae.
(5) Continue with the feeding regime, increasing Artemia feeding to 0.5 to 1 ind per ml until day 10, then to 1-2 ind per ml after that until harvest.
(6) Replace 50% of total water volume beginning at the postlarval stage, then 50% daily thereafter. Use seawater disinfected with 5-10 ppm hypochlorite and neutralized with strong aeration and sodium thiosulfate, and treated with 5-10 ppm of EDTA.
(7) Transfer PLs aged day 5 in nursery tanks where substrates have been installed.
(8) Harvest when you have buyers at day 15 to 20. First lower the tank water to a third or fourth of its volume, scoop out the PLs and distribute in white basins, then pack 2000 to 2500 in each double-lined aerated plastic bag with water. Tie up and place in a bayong.
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Project duration (years) |
5 |
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Total larval tank capacity (tons) |
80 |
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Number of runs per year |
8 |
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Broodstock management |
|
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Zoea produced/female |
300,000 |
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Number of nauplii needed |
6,400,000 |
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Larval rearing |
|
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Stocking density (larvae/liter |
80 |
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Survival rate from zoea to PL |
25% |
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Item
|
Cost |
Life Span |
Depreciation Cost |
|||
|
New |
Rented |
New |
Rented |
New |
Rented |
|
|
Tanks |
106,500 |
|
10 |
|
10,650 |
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|
Hatchery building |
200,000 |
|
10 |
|
20,000 |
|
|
Equipment |
85,000 |
85,000 |
2 |
2 |
42,500 |
42,500 |
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Aeration |
100,000 |
100,000 |
10 |
5 |
10,000 |
20,000 |
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Electricity |
50,000 |
30,000 |
10 |
5 |
5,000 |
10,000 |
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Reservoir |
100,000 |
|
10 |
5 |
10,000 |
|
|
Miscellaneous |
5,000 |
5,000 |
2 |
2 |
2,500 |
2,500 |
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Seawater and filtration |
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
10,000 |
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Total cost of investment |
646,500 |
270,000 |
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|
|
|
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Depreciation cost per year |
|
|
|
|
100,650 |
85,000 |
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Depreciation cost per run |
|
|
|
|
12,580 |
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|
Item |
Rented |
New |
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
Sales at P0.15/fry, 1.6 M fry/run |
240,000 |
240,000 |
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Variable cost |
66,116 |
66,116 |
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Fixed cost |
150,087 |
145,737 |
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Item |
Rented |
New |
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Income per run |
89,913 |
94,263 |
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Income per year |
719,302 |
754,104 |
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ROI |
|
118% |
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Return on investment and cost |
49.58% |
|
|
Payback period (years) |
0.81 |
0.75 |
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Breakeven price (P/pc) |
0.09 |
0.09 |
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Breakeven quantity (pc/run) |
1,000,582 |
971,580 |
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NPV at 12% |
2,037,877 |
1,803,513 |
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IRR (%) |
286% |
113% |
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Discounted BCR |
10.13 |
4.15 |
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Total capital investment required |
250,000 |
641,500 |
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